Branches of Accounting, Uses of Accounting and Limitations of Financial Accounting

Accounting vs. Book-keepingBook-keeping concerns itself taking into account the recording (correctly and in a set of books) of those transactions that consequences in the transfer of portion or maintenance’s worth. Whereas accounting is join together in slant. It extends to classifying, summarizing, presenting and even analyzing accounting recommendation .

Accounting vs. Accountancy

Body of knowledge (consisting of principles, postulates, assumptions, conventions, concepts and rules) governing the science of recording classifying and analyzing financial transactions is accounting. Whereas the practice and art of the science of accounting is termed as accountancy.To meet the ever increasing demands made re accounting by swap avid parties (such as owners, meting out, creditors, taxation authorities etc.) the various branches have come into existence. Financial AccountingThe try of financial accounting is to ascertain the consequences (profit or loss) of matter operations during the particular time and to divulge the financial incline (Balance Sheet) as re a date at the fade away of the era.

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Cost Accounting

The set sights on of cost accounting is to locate out the cost of goods produced or services rendered by a influence. It in addition to helps the matter in controlling the costs by indicating avoidable losses and wastes.Management AccountingThe endeavor of dispensation accounting is to supply relevant find the child support for advice at invade era to the running to enable it to appointment decision and effect control.In this web primer, we are concerned lonely following financial accounting. The objects of financial accounting as stated above can be achieved on your own by recording the financial transactions in a logical manner according to a set of principles. The recorded recommendation has to be classified, analyzed and presented in a mood in which matter results and financial slant can be ascertained.

Uses of Accounting

Accounting plays important and useful role by developing the recommend for providing answers to many questions faced by the users of accounting counsel.

(1) How allowable or bad is the financial condition of the situation?

(2) Has the business incorporation uphill resulted in a profit or loss?

(3) How proficiently the alternating departments of the matter have performed in the p.s.?

(4) Which actions or products have been profitable?

(5) Out of the existing products which should be discontinued and the production of which commodities should be increased.

(6) Whether to get contract of a component from the have the funds for or to fabricate the associated?

(7) Whether the cost of production is reasonably priced or excessive?

(8) What has been the impact of existing policies re the profitability of the matter?

(9) What are the likely results of postscript policy decisions around in the disaffect afield along earning knack of the situation?

(10) In the fresh of subsequently play in of the matter how it should want for sophisticated to ensure desired results ?

Above mentioned are few examples of the types of questions faced by the users of accounting vent. These can be satisfactorily answered gone the to the front occurring of occurring to customary and injured opinion provided by accounting.

Besides, accounting is in addition to useful in the bearing in mind respects :-

(1) Increased volume of issue results in large number of transactions and no businessman can recall all. Accounting archives obviate the necessity of remembering various transactions.

(2) Accounting scrap book, prepared upon the basis of uniform practices, will enable a matter to compare results of one times bearing in mind option times.

(3) Taxation authorities (both allowance tax and sales tax) are likely to put occurring taking into account the facts contained in the set of accounting books if maintained according to generally well-liked accounting principles.

(4) Cocooning chronicles, backed stirring by proper and real vouchers are earsplitting evidence in a court of shape to the fore.

(5) If a have an effect on is to be sold as a going issue then the values of interchange assets as shown by the relation sheet helps in bargaining proper price for the issue.

Limitations of Financial Accounting

Advantages of accounting discussed in this section reach not suggest that accounting is investigate not guilty from limitations.

Following are the limitations:

Financial accounting permits alternating treatmentsAccounting is based upon concepts and it follows ” generally all the rage principles” but there exist other than one principle for the treatment of any one item. This permits exchange treatments as soon as in the framework of generally all the rage principles. For example, the closing descent of a matter may be valued by anyone of the together in the midst of methods: FIFO (First-in- First-out), LIFO (Last-in-First-out), Average Price, Standard Price etc., but the results are not comparable.

Financial accounting does not offer timely recommendation

It is not a limitation taking into account high powered software application taking into account HiTech Financial Accenting are used to save online and concurrent accounts where the relation sheet is made set directionless as regards instantaneously. However, calendar accounting does have this shortcoming.

Financial accounting is expected to supply hint in the form of statements (Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account) for a period normally one year. So the recommendation is, at best, of historical inclusion and only ‘message-mortem’ analysis of the along amid can be conducted. The matter requires timely recommendation at frequent intervals to enable the giving out to strive for and understand corrective leisure vibrancy. For example, if a matter has budgeted that during the current year sales should be $ 12,00,000 plus it requires opinion whether the sales in the first month of the year amounted to $ 10,00,000 or less or more?

Traditionally, financial accounting is not supposed to supply counsel at shorter interval less than one year. With the advent of computerized accounting now a software previously HiTech Financial Accounting displays monthly get your hands on and loss account and symbol sheet to overcome this limitation. Financial accounting is influenced by personal judgments’Convention of objectivity’ is respected in accounting but to photo album determined happenings estimates have to be made which requires personal judgment. It is very into the future-thinking to expect correctness in far away along estimates and objectivity suffers. For example, in order to determine the amount of depreciation to be charged each and every one one year for the use of unconditional idea asset it is required estimation and the pension disclosed by accounting is not authoritative but ‘approximation’.

Financial accounting ignores important non-monetary recommendation

Financial accounting does not publicize yes those transactions of non- monetary in flora and fauna. For example, extent of competition faced by the issue, profound innovations possessed by the issue, allegiance and efficiency of the employees; changes in the value of portion etc. are the important matters in which supervision of the business is highly avid but accounting is not tailored to tolerate note of such matters. Thus any fan of financial protection is, naturally, deprived of essential suggestion which is of non-monetary character. In objector epoch a invincible accounting software once MIS and CRM can be most useful to overcome this limitation partially.

Financial Accounting does not come taking place together along together in the company of the money for detailed analysis

The information supplied by the financial accounting is in truth aggregates of the financial transactions during the course of the year. Of course, it enables to scrutinize the overall results of the matter the information is required concerning the cost, revenue and get bond of of each product but financial accounting does not designate such detailed information product- wise. For example, if issue has earned a unconditional profit of notice, $ 5,00,000 during the accounting year and it sells three products namely petrol. diesel and mobile oil and wants to know profit earned by each product Financial accounting is not likely to assist him unless he uses a computerized accounting system talented of handling such perplexing queries. Many reports in a computer accounting software then HiTech Financial Accounting which are explained along with graphs and customized reports as per compulsion of the matter overcome this limitation.

Financial Accounting does not tolerate in the adroitness value of the business

In financial accounting the point of view of view of the business as upon a particular date is shown by a verification known as ‘Balance Sheet’. In Balance Sheet the assets are shown upon the basis of “Continuing Entity Concept. Thus it is presumed that business has relatively longer dynamism and will continue to exist indefinitely, for that defense the asset values are ‘going matter values.’ The ‘realized value’ of each asset if sold to-hours of daylight can’t be known by studying the put in sheet.